JOHN MACLEOD MEMORIAL AWARD

John James Rickard Macleod FRS FRSE (6 September 1876 – 16 March 1935) was a British biochemist and physiologist. He devoted his career to diverse topics in physiology and biochemistry, but was chiefly interested in carbohydrate metabolism. He is noted for his role in the discovery and isolation of insulin during his tenure as a lecturer at the University of Toronto, for which he and Frederick Banting received the 1923 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine. Awarding the prize to Macleod was controversial at the time, because according to Banting's version of events, Macleod's role in the discovery was negligible. It was not until decades after the events that an independent review acknowledged a far greater role than was attributed to him at first.

At the end of 1920, Macleod was approached by Frederick Grant Banting, a young Canadian physician who had the idea of curing diabetes using an extract from a pancreas whose functioning had been disrupted. Macleod was not enthusiastic, because (unlike Banting) he knew about unsuccessful experiments in this direction by other researchers. He thought it more likely that the nervous system had a crucial role in regulating blood glucose concentration. Even though Banting had virtually no experience of physiology, he managed to convince Macleod to lend him laboratory space during a vacation in Scotland that summer.In addition to the laboratory, Macleod provided experimental animals and his student Charles Herbert Best, who worked as a demonstrator. Macleod also advised on project planning and the use of analytical techniques, and assisted with the operation on the first dog. While Macleod was away, Banting and Best achieved a breakthrough: they isolated an internal secretion of the pancreas and succeeded in reducing the blood sugar level of another dog, whose pancreas had been surgically removed.

On his return, Macleod was surprised and expressed doubt about the results. Banting took this as an attack on his integrity. They argued bitterly, but Banting finally accepted Macleod's instruction that further experiments were needed, and he even convinced Macleod to provide better working conditions and to give him and Best a salary. Further experiments were successful and the three started to present their work at meetings. Macleod was a far better orator, and Banting came to believe that he wanted to take all the credit.Their discovery was first published in the February 1922 issue of The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Macleod declined co-authorship because he considered it Banting's and Best's work. Despite their success, there remained the issue of how to get enough pancreas extract to continue the experiments. Together, the three researchers developed alcohol extraction, which proved to be far more efficient than other methods. This convinced Macleod to divert the whole laboratory to insulin research and to bring in the biochemist James Collip to help with purifying the extract.

John Macleod was a distinguished physiologist even before the discovery of insulin. He was elected a member of the Royal Society of Canada in 1919 and president of American Physiological Society in 1921. In 1923, Banting was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh. Among the recognitions he received after 1923 were memberships of the Royal Society and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, corresponding membership of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and honorary membership of the Regia Accademia Medica. His reputation in Canada remained under the influence of Banting's story for decades, so Macleod was not esteemed there.

The Nobel Committee reacted almost immediately to the first successful clinical trials. In the autumn of 1923, Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, even though the long-term importance of the discovery was not yet apparent. They were nominated by the Danish physiologist and Nobel laureate August Krogh, who had a diabetic wife and had visited Macleod's laboratory and taken the method back to Denmark. The committee judged that Macleod's work in interpreting the data, managing the clinical trials and providing a high level of public presentation were crucial for success, so they awarded the Nobel prize to both. Banting was furious, as he was convinced that Best should have received the other half, and he even thought of rejecting the prize. He was finally persuaded to accept it but gave half of his prize money to Best. Macleod in turn gave half of his to Collip. In 1972 the Nobel Foundation officially conceded that omitting Best was a mistake.

Some Notable Researh Work of John Macleod are:

• Practical Physiology (1903)
• Recent Advances in Physiology (with Leonard E. Hill, 1905)
• Diabetes: its Pathological Physiology (1913)
• Physiology for dental students (with R.G. Pearce, 1915)
• Physiology and Biochemistry in Modern Medicine (1st edition 1918)
• Insulin and its Use in Diabetes (with W.R. Campbell, 1925)
• Carbohydrate Metabolism and Insulin (1926)
• The Fuel of life: Experimental Studies in Normal and Diabetic Animals (1928)
• We Would like to dedicate this 5th World Congress on Diabetes and Endocrinology - 2022 after his name

Eligibility

• Junior Scientists or Researchses e.g. Associate Professor, Assistant Professo etc.) are the focus of this event.
• The topic must fit into scientific sessions of the conference.
• Each individual participant is allowed to submit only one paper (as first author or co-author).
• All authors should have senior position or faculty position.
• Participants should be below the age of 50 years and above 30 years.
• All submissions must be in English.
• Actively distribute information and promote the benefits of education and career matters.

Criteria for Selection

• Showcase your research through oral presentations and its impact to the Panel Member.
• Impact of the Research Work.
• Importance of the Research work to the socity.
• New Innovation in the Research Work

Awards & Rewards

• The Best 2 Researchers will be awarded with John Macleod Memorial Award at the end of the conference

For Nomination Kindly write a mail to the Conference Secretariat at [email protected] and kindly attached the below mentioned documents.